The Sarah
Jane English Newsletter: 58th Edition
August 10, 2003
TOP PICKS FOR THE MONTH
($best buy) (prices vary store to store)
Varietal:
Mixed (if you can't find these vintages, try currently available
vintage
Winery of
the Month: BOLLINGER CHAMPAGNE has two new
releases and I suggest you enjoy these lovely wines now--have more for the
holidays. Rather than waiting for an occasion, create your
own--everyday should be special. I've visited my friends at
Bollinger in Aÿ, France, many times over the years
and have had some of the most gracious experiences of my life in the home of
Christian Bizot, director of Bollinger from 1978-1994 . One evening
for dinner (1988) he sent the maid to the cellar for one of only three remaining
bottles of BOLLINGER 1924! I felt very special indeed! It was
intensely rich with flavors of coconut and apricots, dense with a lovely texture
and a medley of subtle fruits. We sighed as we watched the few remaining
bubbles float gently to the top. Obviously, it was a memorable wine!
BOLLINGER sparkling wines remain as exceptional as I recall them from my first
visits--and I've visited Champagne regularly throughout the years.
Madame Bollinger directed the House after her husbands death in
World War Two. She is famous for having said "I drink my Champagne when
I'm happy and when I'm sad. Sometimes I drink it when I'm alone.
When I have company I consider it obligatory. I trifle with it if I'm not
hungry and drink it when I am. Otherwise I never touch it ‑ unless I'm
thirsty." Lily Bollinger - London Daily Mail, October 17,
1961.
The House of Bollinger, founded in 1829, remains
independent, a grande marque house and family controlled. The firm owns 346
acres of vineyards with a high average ratio of 98% on the official Champagne
vineyard classification scale. Bollinger has received the Royal
Warrant as Official Champagne Purveyor from five British monarchs and is now the
preferred Champagne of Charles, Prince of Wales. The Bollinger firm
is known for its traditional, flavorful and full-bodied style, best exemplified
by the Special Cuvée and the Grande
Année. Bollinger also owns the only pre-phylloxera vineyard in Champagne, making the
extremely rare Vieilles Vignes Françaises
Champagne. Family-owned and managed, Champagne Bollinger is renowned
for including a high percentage of pinot noir in its blends, for using oak
barrels for the first fermentation and cork-sealed magnums to age its reserve
wines. Bollinger champagnes also receive extra aging on the lees,
The house is known for the quality of its vineyards, a high percentage of which
are family-owned. The firm is particularly renowned for its
non-vintage Special Cuvée, its prestige cuvée Grande Année, currently the 1996
vintage, and its rich, complex extra-aged on the lees R.D. (Recently Disgorged),
currently the 1990 vintage.
Champagne Bollinger, recognized worldwide for commitment to
its wines, and Riedel Crystal—recognized worldwide for designing fine wine
glasses--have designed the Bollinger Champagne glass during this 30th
anniversary of Riedel Crystal. The glass accentuates Bollinger’s rich,
complex wines of great depth, fruit, breeding, elegance, and structure as well
as distinctive length and millions of tiny bubbles. This limited edition
glass is now available. For information, please contact
www.DreyfusAshby.com
Event of the Month: Tasting Texas Food & Wine: Texas wine makers attended a summer symposium underwritten by The
Texas Hill Country Wine and Food Foundation (a public charity dedicated to
advancing wine and food industries through research and education) and
sponsored by the Texas Department of Agriculture. It was an opportunity
for Texas vintners and growers to participate in a course of study on vineyard
management and winemaking. The symposium was held at Fall Creek
Vineyards. Richard Smart, Visiting Professor of Viticulture, Cal Poly
State University presented three lectures that addressed Texas issues: Climate
and appropriate varietals; Canopy type, and Vineyard management.
Mark Theis, maker of white wines at Kendall-Jackson, discussed "A Practical
Approach to Managing Variables" including techniques for Sauvignon Blanc,
matching Chardonnay clones to barrels, and flaws like Brettanomyces and
the culprit TCA that effects corks. Along with tasting wine samples,
Mark Theis explained how specific soils, land location, climatic effects and
winemaking techniques influence the finished wine. Participants could
taste how a warmer, inland wine reflected tropical fruitiness while cooler
coastal sites produced grapes with higher acidity and more citrus
expression. Following the symposium at Fall Creek, the Four Seasons
Hotel offered a "Tasting of Texas Food and Wine." Chef Quincy Erickson of
Amuse Bouche Catering served "Corn & Goat Cheese Flan" and Chef Jeff Blank
of Hudson's on the Bend served "Ancho Smashed Potatoes Topped with Smoked
Quail." Chef Kevin Williamson of Ranch 616 served "Quail Chili Frito Pie
'in the bag' with Grilled Pineapple Pico de Gallo" and Chef Robert McGrath of
Roaring Fork served "Seared Scallops with Jalapeno Cole Slaw." Chef Marion
Gillcrist of La Traviata offered "Tomato Bruschetta," Chef Charles Mayes
of Cafe Josie served "Shrimp & Blue Crab Cocktail" and Chef Fred Geesin
of "Zin American Bistro & Bar" had "Pastrami Venison Back strap on
Herb Salad." The Mansion at Judges' Hill Chef John Maxwell served "Curried
Prince Edward Island Mussels" and Four Seasons Chef Elmar Prambs spread a
colorful table with "Cinnamon Braised Beef Short Ribs, Truffle-Whipped Potatoes
& Arugula & Shallot Dressing" and "Firecracker Shrimp over Cous
Cous." The delicious wines that accompanied this feast were Becker
Vineyards 2002 Viognier and 2001 Claret; Alamosa 2000 Sangiovese and 2001
Viognier; Pleasant Hill Chardonnay and Merlot; Edmeades 1999 Zinfandel; Robert
Pepi 2000 Sauvignon Blanc and 2001 Pinot Grigio; Haak Vineyards 2002 Blanc du
Bois and 2002 Texas Cabernet Sauvignon; Llano Estacado 2000 Viviano and 2001
Cellar Select Chardonnay; McReynolds 2001 Texas Merlot and 2001 Texas Ruby
Cabernet; Camelot 2000 Merlot and 2000 Syrah; Kendall-Jackson 1999 Vintner's
Reserve Cabernet Sauvignon and 2001Grand Reserve Chardonnay; Fredericksburg 2002
Ehrenfelser Texas and 2001 Texas Sangiovese; Spicewood 2001 Sauvignon Blanc and
2000 Merlot; Fall Creek 2001 Chardonnay and 2002 Merlot; Driftwood 2002 Cabernet
Sauvignon and 2002 Viognier; La Crema 2001 Pinot Noir and 2001 Chardonnay, and
Flat Creek's other label--Travis Peak Due Ami Semillion and 2002 Muscato
D'Arancia. On can only have a good time at these wonderful
samplings.
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NEWS
MESSINA HOF Winery & Resort, Bryan, Texas, offers Daytime or Evening Harvest activities. Choose Day Package or Thematic Specialty Dinners scheduled weekends, July 19-August 17, 2003. For details, visit www.messinahof.com and click on "Harvest Fun".
The El-BASHA Turkish Bath (Hamam), built by the Ottoman Turks
in 1795 in today's Israeli port city of Akko , has been transformed into one of
the country’s most charming museums. Abandoned since the late 1950’s,
the El-Basha Hamam is a giant network of marble-lined steam rooms, domed massage
areas, ornate scrubbing rooms and relaxation chambers. "Here, in a ritual
invented millennia ago by the Romans, Ottoman Turks would soothe away the day’s
aches, sweat and grime in an atmosphere where gossip was exchanged and bodies
soaked, near-boiled and then sprawled atop marble slabs to be scrubbed clean by
beefy masseurs. The whole experience has been captured in the new “Hamam
Museum” - opened in June - that is the first restoration completed in Akko since
the UNESCO status was announced in 2002. Audio-Visual elements tell the
story of the site. Pewter sculptures of bathers recreate the Turkish
Bath. For information about AKKO: www.goisrael.com or call 1-888-77-Israel.
DRY CREEK VINEYARD announced that William (Bill) Knuttel
joined DRY CREEK as winemaker in July 2003. Knuttel previously was
winemaker at
Chalk Hill Estate Vineyards and Winery for seven years and
spent 13 years at Saintsbury before Chalk Hill.
STEVENOT recently received several medals at wine competitions: 2001 Tempranillo a gold at El Dorado County Fair; 2000 Tempranillo won five golds, 2000 Syrah a gold at Orange County and silver for 2000 Cabernet Franc; 1999 Gabriel Cabernet Sauvignon at Los Angeles County Fair and sliver for 2000 Cab Franc, 2000 Merlot and 2000 Old Vine Zin. www.stevenotwinery.com
SONOMA VALLEY WINE AUCTION on Labor Day weekend: August 28-September 1, 2003, various venues, theme is Mardi Gras. Information (707) 935-0803, www.sonomavalleywine.com
GRAYSON COUNTY COLLEGE Viticulture & Enology, Fall Class Schedule 2003, Contact Dr. Roy Renfro (903) 463-8717, renfror@grayson.edu
LAFOND Winery & Vineyard 2001 Syrah, SRH has received three gold medals and a "Best of Show, Red," at recent wine competitions. www.lafondwinery.com
KENDALL-JACKSON OPENS HEALDSBURG PLAZA TASTING ROOM:
Heralding the fact that the small northern Sonoma County agricultural community
of Healdsburg has transformed itself into one of wine country's trendiest
destinations, Kendall-Jackson has opened a tasting room on the town square,
August 1, 2003. Situated on the tree-and boutique-lined Healdsburg Plaza,
the new Kendall-Jackson tasting room will focus entirely on its upper-end and
estate wines, including the Grand Reserve, Great Estates and Stature wines. The
Kendall-Jackson Healdsburg Tasting Room is located at 337
Healdsburg Avenue
and is open daily from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. For more information, call (707)
433-7102.
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NEW RELEASES (quotes are winemakers' comments)
BELVEDERE 2001 Healdsburg Ranches Chardonnay, Sonoma14: " Fragrant, fruit-filled, with just the right delicate touch, the fruit comes from vines surrounding Healdsburg, one of the oldest and most celebrated stars in California's viticultural history. Pear and peach fruit fill the glass, wisps of vanilla, a wink of grapefruit, aromas and flavors blossom with swirling, leaving the taste of lemon and sweet cream. To quaff, or as an accompaniment to subtle fare...it wears well, it's never boring, it charms both the sophisticated and the carefree: a perfect wine friend. Three great wine appellations adjoin Healdsburg in Northern Sonoma: Alexander Valley, Dry Creek Valley has more mountain influence, Russian River Valley's fog-washed mornings make it the coolest of the Healdsburg microclimates.
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WOODBRIDGE by Robert Mondavi has introduced its Select Vineyard Series. Each of these four wines showcases the fruit and flavors of its fine Lodi appellations. They represent the best of the best from Woodbridge, celebrating its 25th anniversary this year.
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LOLONIS has always praised its large contingency of ladybugs, released annually at the right time to control spider mites, aphids and other soft-scale vineyard pests--a natural attribute of healthy vines. A single adult ladybug can eat as many as 5,000 aphids in its four to six month life cycle (going dormant in winter). Now after 40 years, in honor of those busy little creatures, LOLONIS is releasing LADYBUG RED $13. The wine blends Carignane (70%), Merlot (15%), Napa Gamay (10%), and Zinfandel (5%). This new creation goes with a large number of foods and is a nice starter to greet guests--chilled in both instances. If serving outside--especially in Texas and like states--serve cooler yet. The wine will only get warmer. About the family, in 1914, when Tryfon Lolonis first saw the Redwood Valley, he must have sensed an immediate affinity between this new land and the old country he had left behind in Velherna, Greece. Enotria! (land of the vines) he might have thought as he surveyed the sunny land: here was a place where both vines and a family could flourish. Tryfon cleared the land and built a house for his bride-to-be, Eugenia Kalogeropoulos. She had been 12 when he first saw her in Tripoli, Greece. They never met, but a marriage was arranged and in 1920, when she was 16, she arrived in San Francisco to join Tryfon. Together they toiled in the vineyards and in time their efforts and union proved fruitful. Ten children were born to them. From the first harvest, they sold grapes to other winemakers. During Prohibition, shipments to the Christian brothers and other religious winemakers kept them in business. In the 1940s and 1950s, more winemakers bought Lolonis grapes--Charles Krug, Geyser Peak, Parducci, Sebastiani. By the mid 1950s, a transformation began in the vineyards as son Nick applied lessons he learned from enology and viticulture at U.C. Davis. He convinced his father to try organic farming, and to keep pests away, he introduced beneficial ladybugs--a pivotal event that continues today. In 1982, two brothers, Ulysses and Petros, established Lolonis Winery.
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ROBERT TALBOTT VINEYARDS--The Talbott family says their motto
is hard work, strict standards of excellence and determined focus. Robert
and Audrey and son Robb moved to Carmel in 1950 and began a luxury tie
company. Robert sold his wife's hand-made ties along the
coast. European buying trips for silk also introduced them to wines.
In 1982 they founded Talbott Vineyards with their 24-acre Diamond T Estate
Vineyard and built their first winery in Carmel Valley. The Corton-Charlemagne
Chardonnay clone was planted at Diamond T in almost soil-free conditions of
shale and granite with vines closely spaced. The Talbotts hoped the vines'
struggle to survive at Diamond T would give intense chardonnays. It
did. Winemaker Sam Balderas came in 1984--hired to deal with
that difficult vintage--and has been there ever since. "He brings
continuity and experience to the winery, " Robert says, "and he shares our
winemaking philosophy to honor the land with sustainable practices that enhance
the vineyards. In 1989, the Talbotts bought 125-acre River Road Vineyard
in Salinas Valley and built their new winery there. In 1994 they
bought Sleepy Hollow Vineyard, a proven source of fine grapes, and became 100
percent an estate winery with direct control of all farming of their
vineyards.
Talbott Vineyards produces estate chardonnay, pinot noir and syrah
under four labels: TALBOTT, LOGAN, CASE, and KALI HART--each line with its own
distinctive style. Cases will stay small to ensure exacting quality
standards for the distinctive handmade wines with intensity, balance, and
finesse.
Robert Sharpe Talbott - Proprietor (artist, woodsman, builder,
beekeeper, rancher, mechanic and businessman) built a cabin on land he named
Diamond T after an antique "Diamond T" commercial truck Robb had restored.
Since the first vintage in 1983, Robb has overseen the day-to-day winery
operations with many roles. He remains an active manager, traveling
across the country for in-person sales calls.
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ARBOR CREST is celebrating its 20th vintage and I am pleased to be reintroduced to the wines. C. Harold Mielke, Jr., MD and Marcia Mielke founded Arbor Crest Wine Cellars in 1982 after becoming interested in wine in the early 1980s when California Chardonnay first gained prominence. They established their winery on the grounds of the Mielke family’s cherry orchard. Winemaker Kristina Mielke-van Löben Sels — the second generation of the Mielke family to oversee Arbor Crest — brings education and practical skill to her work. A University of California at Davis fermentation science graduate, Kristina came to Arbor Crest after several years at Ferrari-Carano Vineyards and Winery in Healdsburg, California. Her husband, James van Löben Sels, is an experienced viticulturist, which complements Kristina’s skills nicely. Together, they understand the complexities of grape growing and wine making. They also share duties as the winery’s general managers.
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DUTTON GOLDFIELD 2001 Zinfandel, Morelli Lane Vineyard, Dutton Ranch, Russian River $35: "Morelli Lane Zinfandel tops the ridge on the far western edge of Russian River Valley. This century-old, dry-farmed, head-trained 1.2-acre block is all that’s left of an original vineyard planted over 100 years ago. Left unfarmed for years, the Duttons revived the vineyard in 1995 and its fruit now permits this special limited bottling of old vine Zinfandel. "This cool, coastal site produces a Zin of exceptional fruit concentration, moderate alcohol, and bright acid backbone. The winemaking concentrates on showcasing the special personality of this wonderful vineyard – ebullient fruit, silky tannins, density without heaviness. Destemmed fruit is cold soaked for 7 days, then fermented in a small open top fermenter, with gentle, hand punch downs, aged in French oak to display the sweet fruit, spice and complexity. We rack the wine once in early spring to marry the individual barrel contributions, and to help clarify it for unfiltered bottling. It was bottled in the fall after spending approximately 10 months in wood. It displays a level of silkiness and elegance rare to Zinfandel, while still bursting with the crystalline fruit so central to the varietal’s charm. Bright raspberry, blackberry and caramel on the nose give way to enticingly fine grain tannins and creamy bright raspberry on the palate. It finishes with the candied berry fruits and subtle spice so central to its venerable nature. This is a Zin that’s wonderfully easy to drink and, with it’s moderate alcohol, is a great paring with many foods.
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MERITUS by FALL CREEK VINEYARDS was first released in 1996, Meritus is a Latin word meaning "great merit or excellence." This 1999 vintage has 92% Cabernet Sauvignon, 7% Merlot and 1% Malbec. Owner/Winemaker Ed Auler says, "The Cabernet adds structure, color and wonderful berry flavor to the Meritus, while the Merlot adds softness and fruit, and the Malbec contributing color, fruit and sometimes a bit of spiciness. Our oak on the Meritus was 75-plus per cent American with the remainder French Never. We only produce MERITUS when the grapes merit becoming a wine." As I said above: MERITUS by Fall Creek Vineyards $30, this edition--the first since 1996--of Fall Creek's blended red wine is Texas' best yet! I've been tasting Texas wines for 20 years, and Ed and Susan Auler and crew have put together a deliciously memorable and praiseworthy wine. It has layers of boysenberry, blackberry, coconut, cranberry, spicy oak, a hint of leather and nutmeg with a beautifully melded complexity. It is balanced by silky tannins and lusciousness. Hope you can find a bottle of this limited production. Well worth the search! 100 gold points! ___________________________________________________________________________
ROBERT CRAIG has released two 2000 Cabernet Sauvignons. The 2000 Mt. Veeder Cab brings together the essential characteristics of the Mt. Veeder Appellation: dense, generous black fruit integrated with fine ripe tannins. For the Howell Mountain Cab--great depth and clarity, warm spice nuances to pure dark fruit and broad ripe tannins.
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DUTCH HENRY WINERY owner and winemaker Scott Chafen admits
it. He says he knows the meaning of sweat equity. Since Dutch
Henry
Winery's inception in 1992, Scott has worn many hats… Winemaker, Cellar
Rat, Sales Guy, Office Manager, Delivery Boy, Forklift Driver, Customer Service
Rep… you name it, he's done it. Not surprisingly, the role he relishes the most
is that of Winemaker. As winemaker, Scott is responsible for the timely
execution of each step in the winemaking process, from researching grape
varietals and blends, to overseeing the annual crush and performing ongoing
cellar functions.
Before Dutch Henry Winery, Scott worked in the cellar and
vineyards at Vincent Arroyo Winery, and assisted in farming his family's
vineyard.
A native of San Francisco, Scott received a Bachelor of Arts
degree in Philosophy from Occidental College in Los Angeles. Scott is
married to Sophia and they live in St. Helena with their airedale terrier,
Buggsy. In his few and precious moments to spare, Scott enjoys gardening,
cooking, backpacking and
listening to music.
CLICQUOT : The history of this wine is the story of a capable
and determined woman. The remarkable Madame Clicquot (1777-1866)
is
often considered the first businesswoman of the modern era. Née Nicole-Barbe
Ponsardin, she was widowed in 1805 at the age of 27.
Veuve Clicquot ( Veuve
means widow in French) defied every convention of the day to take the helm of
her late husband's small Champagne house. She enlisted help wisely, took astute
risks and made important technological innovations (including the invention of
remuage or riddling), leading the House to world renown. One of her most
significant triumphs was sending a secret shipment of her Champagne to Russia in
1814 in defiance of Napoleon's blockade--a great success.
Today the House of
Veuve Clicquot is among the most prestigious Champagne firms. Its extensive
vineyard holdings, many originally purchased by Madame Clicquot, stretch
throughout the top-rated areas of the Champagne region and are unparalleled in
size and quality. As in Mme Clicquot's day, bottles age in the House's vast,
vaulted cellars in Reims, portions of which were constructed some 2,000 years
ago by the Romans. The House of Clicquot is
best known for its Yellow Label Brut non-vintage Champagne, which was a best
seller in America prior to Prohibition. Veuve Clicquot also produces
a
Vintage Rosé, and a Demi-Sec. The firm's most prestigious Champagne, La
Grande Dame, named for the Widow Clicquot herself, is made exclusively from the
finest Pinot Noir and Chardonnay grapes picked from vineyards she purchased in
the early 1800s. The Champagnes of Veuve Clicquot are full-flavored,
with elegance, crispness and a lingering aftertaste.
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VALLEY OF THE MOON 2002 Pinot Blanc, Sonoma County $15: " . . . fresh, crisp aromas suggest a mélange of tropical fruits like lemon and lime, guava and pineapple, Light on the palate, it displays generous white peach and pear fruit, delicate toasty oak notes with a perfect acid balance to enhance the palate and long crisp finish. It is precisely suited to the current preferences in white wines and the popularity keeps growing."
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IRON HORSE VINEYARDS has six current releases and two of them are new Chardonnays. Forrest says "This vintage has produced our finest Chardonnay yet."
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KENWOOD 2002 Chardonnay, Sonoma $15: "Fresh character and smooth, green apple and kiwi, the cool growing regions permit grapes to remain on vine to ripen thoroughly with forward fruit, lightness on the palate and crisp acidity."
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KENDALL-JACKSON Director of Communications George Rose tells me that "Our Flavor Domaines® philosophy matches the climate, soil, and grape varietals grown in California's True Coast® vineyards and provides wine of intense and distinct varietal flavors. The traditional winemaking approach keeps each lot separate until the final blend."
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PENFOLDS Koonunga Hill wines have several new releases. Named for a PENFOLDS vineyard in the Barossa Valley, South Australia, the wines are made from this vineyard's fruit as well as other premium viticultural areas in order to be able to consistently produce a specific style of wine year after year. All four wines--Shiraz-Cabernet, Cabernet-Merlot, and Chardonnay--represent affordable quality.
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WILLIAM HILL WINERY has released two new red wines, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, and recommends a variety of foods to serve with them.
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VALLEY OF THE MOON 2002 Chardonnay, Sonoma $15: "Lithe and vibrant, yet impressively full-flavored and complex, this new release makes a convincing case for growing this popular grape in the coldest possible vineyards. In Sonoma, those vineyards are located in Russian River Valley and the Carneros--the places these grapes were grown. The grapes were whole-cluster pressed to preserve fruit flavors the barrel fermented in small FRench oak. It is light and bring with generous flavors of apple, orange, rich cream, vanilla, toasty oak with a long crisp finish."
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MARQUES de
ARIENZO offers some reds with a little time. While many Riojas are blends of wines from all
over the region, MARQUES de ARIENZO narrows the focus to bottle estate
wines. They show the terroir of the Rioja Alavesa appellation and are
softer, more aromatic and faster to mature. Modern vineyard and winery
practices give fresh, clean wines, stylistically correct and that reflect their
point of origin.
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COURT DECISION FAVORS SHIPMENTS; however, there is more to come: The 5th Circuit Court of Appeals has overturned Texas laws that ban out-of-state wineries from shipping their products directly to residents, but allow in-state wineries to do so. Those regulations are discriminatory and amount to economic protectionism for in-state businesses, according to the court. "Absent an identical restriction on Texas wineries, Texas's prohibition against out-of-state wineries directly selling and shipping wine to Texas consumers is constitutionally defective under the Commerce Clause. This is not even a close call," the three-judge panel wrote in a strongly worded 55-page decision. Texas officials could now choose to petition the appeals court for a rehearing, and if that is not successful, then ask the U.S. Supreme Court to review it. Out-of-state wineries are not yet able to ship legally to Texas. Despite the court's wording, the state legislature could still choose to pass new rules prohibiting Texas wineries from shipping anymore. If the state does accept the court's decision rather than appeal, the Texas Alcohol Beverage Commission must issue new regulations on how it will control direct shipments and collect taxes. Excerpt from the 5th Circuit's conclusion: "Plaintiffs demonstrated before the district court that Texas's restrictions against direct sales and shipments by out-of-state wineries to Texas residents are intended to -- and in fact do -- discriminate to the benefit of in-state wineries, which are not hamstrung by the economic constraints of having to sell their products through Texas's otherwise legitimate three-tier system. "As the record makes clear, small out-of-state wineries, which constitute a substantial majority of the total number of wineries throughout the country, are hurt by these discriminatory restrictions, as Texas wholesalers (despite having permits to import their wine) do not import their products because the quantity of product and the consumer demand in each wholesaler's local market are too small to justify the wholesaler's marginal cost in importing and selling the product. "The Texas legislature thus achieves exactly what it sought: Texas wines are more available for purchase by Texas consumers because these consumers are essentially denied access to the products of out-of-state wineries, and vice-versa. This is exactly the type of geographic discrimination that is prohibited by the Commerce Clause and, as applied, is a patent violation of Plaintiffs' constitutional rights."
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